Semantic and phonological context effects in visual search

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http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/500 http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/500 http://eprints.org/relation/isIndexCodesVersionOf http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/500 archive 4031 disk0/00/00/01/82 2008-12-09 16:10:27 2019-01-23 09:51:40 2011-07-19 16:13:54 thesis show 0 Telling Anna L. als379@bham.ac.uk Humphreys Glyn W. Meyer Antje Professor University of Birmingham Semantic and phonological context effects in visual search unpub BF 10col_life visual search, ERP, N2pc, aging, frontal lobe damage, neglect, semantics, phonology, homophones, eye-tracking Chapter 5 was published in Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14, 710-716 (2007) http://pbr.psychonomic-journals.org/content/14/4/710.abstract Publisher (of chapter 5) permits self-archiving Visual search requires participants to search for a pre-specified target amongst a number of distractors. According to theories of visual search, attention is directed towards the target through a combination of stimulus-driven (bottom-up) and goal-driven (top-down) means. For example, when searching for a red car, top-down attention can prepare the visual system to prioritise items with matching visual properties to the target, e.g., red objects. Theories of visual search support guidance according to visual properties, including the Guided Search model (Wolfe, 1994) and Attentional Engagement Theory (AET: Duncan & Humphreys, 1989). However, whether or not attention can be guided according to non-visual properties of the stimulus, such as semantic and name information, remains controversial (Wolfe & Horowitz, 1994). This thesis studied search for a target (e.g., baseball-bat) in the presence of semantically related (e.g., racquet), phonologically identical (homophones, e.g., animal-bat) and phonologically related distractors (e.g., bag). Participants’ reaction times (RTs), error rates, eye movements and event-related potentials (ERPs) were monitored, and performance compared between young, older adult and brain-damaged individuals. Chapters 2 to 4 report semantic interference for all participant groups; Chapter 5 reports homophone interference in young adults and Chapter 6 reports no interference of phonologically related distractors in search for the target by young adults. The results support search being guided according to semantic and whole-name information about the target only. The mechanisms involved in this interference and contributions of these findings to the theories of visual search will be discussed. 2008-12 graduation 2785921 eng author unchecked This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. public 229 University of Birmingham School of Psychology d_ph FALSE esrc 2008-12 graduation