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redacted http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38119 http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38119 http://eprints.org/relation/hassmallThumbnailVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38119 http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38120 http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38120 http://eprints.org/relation/haspreviewThumbnailVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38120 http://eprints.org/relation/hasVolatileVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38121 http://eprints.org/relation/hasVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38121 http://eprints.org/relation/hasIndexCodesVersion http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/38121 archive 4031 disk0/00/00/15/00 2014-08-08 13:08:00 2022-12-31 03:40:12 2014-08-08 13:08:00 thesis show 0 Picardo Edward Nicholas Ward Aengus ftp://ubira.bham.ac.uk/eTheses/1500_Picardo/ University of Birmingham unpub D839 LF PE PQ 10col_artl Please process any requests to view this work as an option C, we will attempt to contact the author to grant permission to view the work (RA 02/06/2020) Author chose open access, however, because the thesis contains comments attributed to interviewees, and their permission to use quotes may not have foreseen web access, it will be available only via EThOS for the first 10 years. Interview transcripts were redacted from the appendices, but interviewees are named throughout the thesis. Redacted text supplied to EThOS 11/8/2014. / Email address added from PARCS. Not available via EThOS (AH 03/08/2021) My thesis explores language policy and practice in the history of the people of Gibraltar between 1940 and 1985. This period covers the wartime Evacuation and the Spanish border restrictions and closure, and it is also fundamental in the emergence of Gibraltarian identity and democratic rights. My contention is that these developments were facilitated by growing accessibility to the English language. From being largely the preserve of the colonial establishment and the elite, it emerged as pre-eminent in official use, the media and culture, and higher oral registers. This change was hastened by the Evacuation, which increased awareness of the need for English. The Clifford Report of 1944 reformed the whole education system and gave a central role to English. Clifford, Gibraltar’s Colonial Secretary, and indeed educationalists at the Colonial Office, proved themselves far more enlightened than their governing counterparts in Gibraltar. Their reform greatly contributed to political development in the following decades. With the Spanish border closure, the English language and the sense of attachment to Britain gained further consolidation, co-existing with the move away from overt colonialism. In my examination of language behaviour in Gibraltar, including bilingualism and the use of Spanish, interview material supplements written sources. 2012-12 2012-04 graduation eng author unchecked This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. restricted 2022-12-01 eddiepic@blueyonder.co.uk ubira@lists.bham.ac.uk public 458 University of Birmingham School of Languages, Cultures, Art History and Music, Department of Modern Languages d_ph na 2012-12 graduation