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          <given>John Anthony</given>
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    <title>The use of scripture in Swahili tracts by Muslims and Christians in East Africa</title>
    <ispublished>unpub</ispublished>
    <subjects>
      <item>BR</item>
      <item>BP</item>
      <item>BS</item>
      <item>DT</item>
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    <divisions>30sch_hist</divisions>
    <keywords>Bible, Qur’an, Evangelism, Da’wa, Swahili, East Africa, Tracts</keywords>
    <abstract>This research assesses the use of scripture in tracts published in Swahili in East Africa. The use of tracts for the propagation of religion is introduced through the work of Tract Societies in Britain and the use of Christian tracts in overseas missions. Printing in Arabic and the propagation of Islam through tracts is surveyed. The historical use of tracts by Christians and Muslims in East Africa, and Swahili as a religious language, are examined. In 2000 and 2001, Christian and Muslim tracts in Swahili were purchased from particular locations in Kenya and Tanzania. Of these, sixteen tracts, eight by Christians and eight by Muslims, were selected. The tracts use passages from the Bible and/or the Qur’an mainly for outreach purposes. They are described and analysed and scriptures within them recorded. Eighteen Biblical and Qur’anic passages that appeared in more than one tract were chosen. These scriptures, together with the interpretations of them within the tracts, are translated, presented thematically, analysed and compared. The research found differences between Christian and Muslim use of the passages, noting that the approach of most tracts is polemical, thus raising concerns that they may increase misunderstandings between Christians and Muslims in East Africa.</abstract>
    <date>2008-07</date>
    <date_type>graduation</date_type>
    <ub_identifier>2690965</ub_identifier>
    <ub_pri_lang>eng</ub_pri_lang>
    <ub_quot_text>Alavi, K.K. nd Kutafuta Uhakika, Nairobi: Njia ya Uzima Imran, M.S. nd Mafundisho ya Yesu kwa Nuru ya Qur’ani, Mombasa: Adam Traders Jadeed, I. nd Hapana! Dini ya Kristo Haijabatalishwa, Nairobi: Njia ya Uzima Kanoni, A.G. nd Kwa Nini Niliacha Ukristo na Nikawa Muislamu, Mombasa: Adam Traders Kanoni, A.G. nd Sikumkana Yesu Bali Mtume Paulo Nairobi: The Islamic Dawah and Irshad Khan, M. 1983 Kurani na Biblia: Jinsi nilivyotafuta kuupata wokovu, Mtwara: Kanisa la Biblia Publishers Masudi, S. 1991Nuru Ing’aayo Gizani: Ushuhuda wa Kijana Mwislamu aliyetafuta njia ya Kweli, Morogoro: Tanzania Evangelical Literature Ministry (TELM) Musa, S. 1970Maisha ya Nabii Isa (Alahais Salam), Mombasa: Adam Traders Ngariba, F.M. &amp; Kawemba, M.A. 1987 Uislamu Katika Biblia, Zanzibar: Al-Khayria Press Ltd. Ngogo, J. nd Injili ya Barnaba, Mlalo Lushoto: Gospel of Barnabas Foundation Njia ya Uzima nd Ushahidi wa Kiislamu kuhusu uthabiti wa Torati na Injili, Nairobi: Njia ya Uzima Simbaulanga, C. nd Biblia ni Jibu “99:Tuzungumze No.1 Somo la Dini, Worksheet Dar es Salaam Swaleh, H. 1994Uungu na Umoja Wake, Malindi: Iqra Printers Tanzania Evangelical Literature Ministry nd Isa (Yesu Kristo) Ndani ya Kurani na Biblia, Morogoro: TELM Tanzania Evangelical Literature Ministry nd Neno la Mungu Ndani ya Torati, Injili na Kurani Morogoro: TELM Warsha ya Waandishi wa Kiislamu nd Uislamu ni Njia Sahihi ya Maisha, Mombasa: Ansaar Muslim Youth Organisation</ub_quot_text>
    <ub_doc_source>author</ub_doc_source>
    <ub_doc_source_spot>unchecked</ub_doc_source_spot>
    <copyright_status>This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder.</copyright_status>
    <full_text_status>public</full_text_status>
    <pages>519</pages>
    <institution>University of Birmingham</institution>
    <department>School of Philosophy, Theology and Religion, Department of Theology and Religion</department>
    <thesis_type>d_ph</thesis_type>
    <funders>
      <item>na</item>
    </funders>
    <dates>
      <item>
        <date>2008-07</date>
        <date_type>graduation</date_type>
      </item>
    </dates>
  </eprint>
</eprints>
