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http://eprints.org/relation/isVolatileVersionOf http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/3322 http://eprints.org/relation/ispreviewThumbnailVersionOf http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/3322 http://eprints.org/relation/isVersionOf http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/id/document/3322 archive 4031 disk0/00/00/13/51 2011-02-18 10:05:18 2019-01-23 09:53:59 2011-07-19 16:33:43 thesis show 0 Smith Jennifer Alison Reynolds James Martin Graham University of Birmingham unpub QH301 QH 10col_life Supplementary feeding wild birds is a widespread phenomenon. Recently, non-governmental organisations have recommended that the bird-feeding public should feed wild birds throughout the breeding season. Currently, such recommendations are not supported by a large body of research findings to suggest that food supplementation has benefits for breeding birds. To investigate this further I provided two commercially available wild bird foods (peanut cake and mealworms [Tenebrio molitor]) to Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) and Great Tits (Parus major) breeding in a woodland in Central England from 2007 to 2009. Supplementary feeding significantly advanced nest construction and decreased brood provisioning rates for both species. Supplemented Blue Tits significantly decreased daily incubation activity and increased both the proportion of extra-pair young and proportion of males per brood while supplemented Great Tits decreased incubation recess lengths. Analyses of data from the British Trust for Ornithology’s Nest Record Scheme suggested that probable widespread supplementary feeding of both Blue and Great Tits in urban habitats from 1962 to 2008 influenced breeding parameters across the study period but measuring food availability across wide spatial scales remains problematic. I discuss the implications of my results within an urban garden bird feeding context and provide suggestions for future research. 2011-07 2010-09 graduation eng author unchecked This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. British Trust for Ornithology public 245 University of Birmingham School of Biosciences d_ph FALSE other nerc Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) studentship NER/S/A/2006/14054 British Trust for Ornithology (BTO) CASE studentship award NERC Biomolecular Analysis Facility-Sheffield (NBAF-S) grant (MGF/331). 2011-07 graduation