Effect of additions of chemicals on properties of endodontic cements

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Koutroulis, Andreas (2019). Effect of additions of chemicals on properties of endodontic cements. University of Birmingham. M.Sc.

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Abstract

Tricalcium silicate (TCS)-based materials are vastly applied in vital pulp therapy, mainly due to the calcium hydroxide release which is responsible for their biological and antimicrobial activity. Recently, alterations have been introduced in their formulation, namely incorporation of calcium phosphate, micro-silica or resins to improve potential limitations. The current study investigated whether different additives affect calcium ion release and in turn modify biological and antimicrobial properties by testing prototype and commercial TCS-based cements.

The water: powder ratio in the prototype formulations was determined with a rheological assessment. Hydration was monitored with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. Materials’ eluates were evaluated for pH, calcium release, biocompatibility and antimicrobial potential.

Modifications altered the water demand, hydration and leaching profile of the prototype cements in different extent. Calcium phosphate did not alter calcium ion release significantly, albeit an initial stronger antibacterial effect was induced. Micro-silica replacement resulted in a decreased long-term calcium hydroxide formation, which was correlated with neutralised cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity. Hydration of commercial TCS-based materials was faster and calcium release was enhanced, except for a resin-modified cement.

Overall, incorporation of compounds in hydraulic cements can alter calcium ion release and consequently modify their biological and antimicrobial properties.

Type of Work:

Thesis (Masters by Research > M.Sc.)

Award Type:

Masters by Research > M.Sc.

Supervisor(s):