Multi-level governance in practice: investigating mangrove forest governance in Indonesia

Firdasari, M.F (2022). Multi-level governance in practice: investigating mangrove forest governance in Indonesia. University of Birmingham. Ph.D.

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Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems are often associated with complex governance systems, resulting from multi-level governance and their location at the land-sea interface. Multi-level governance implies the involvement of various actors in management at different administrative levels, creating coordination challenges. Whilst it is known that governance of renewable natural resources is often complex, with multiple levels, actors, and interests, less is known about what this means for governing in practice and for the conduct of governance, particularly in terms of accountability, transparency, and legitimacy.

This thesis analyses mangrove governance in Indonesia by drawing on the concept of multi-level governance, mangrove governance, governance principles, decentralisation in natural resources and conflict within natural resource management. In drawing on these areas of literature, the research sought to answer the research question “how does the multi-level, multi-actor governance landscape affect the practice and conduct of mangrove governance in Indonesia?”.

This research employed a case study design and used qualitative methods to analyse mangrove governance based six sites with mangrove forests in Lampung Province. By interviewing representatives of different stakeholder groups, the research found that mangrove forests in Indonesia are governed through different arrangements, informed by location, history, and context. Whilst government actors are critical to governance arrangements, non-government actors, including non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and a university, fill gaps in government provision and provide consistency in mangrove management. This is in part due to local government having to rely on discrete projects to secure resources for mangrove management and due to inconsistent leadership and prioritisation of mangrove forests.

The research found that multi-level governance creates challenges to accountability, transparency and legitimacy that are exacerbated in the case of mangrove forests by the diversity of actors involved, associated with the land-sea interface and the involvement of non-government actors, filling in gaps in government conduct. Given the limited capacity of government in managing mangrove forests, local government officers utilise informal as well as formal means, drawing on networks of contacts and local norms.

The analysis shows that mangrove governance requires greater dedicated attention, with practice in mangrove governance aligning with dedicated policy and strong coordination mechanisms developed across government sectors involved in mangrove management. By bringing together analytical tools associated with multi-level governance and governance principles, the research contributes to knowledge mangrove governance.

Type of Work:

Thesis (Doctorates > Ph.D.)

Award Type:

Doctorates > Ph.D.

Supervisor(s):