Protecting pollination in a changing world: method development for commercial pollinator provision and assessing the impacts of climate change and neonicotinoids on pollinators

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Howe, Nicholas John Petrić (2021). Protecting pollination in a changing world: method development for commercial pollinator provision and assessing the impacts of climate change and neonicotinoids on pollinators. University of Birmingham. Ph.D.

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Abstract

Pollinators are essential to food security but are under threat because of multiple factors including climate change, habitat loss, emerging infectious diseases and pesticide use. Commercial pollinator provision can support threatened pollination services, however, only a few species are currently available. This study assessed the viability of mass-rearing red mason bees (Osmia bicornis) within a lab and greenhouse setting, as well as methods to manipulate the diapausing stage, and thus extend when this species is available to growers. Reproductive rates were too low to be commercially viable, but diapause was successfully extended using fluctuating thermal regimes and could be terminated early using chemical treatment. Climate change was shown to potentially have significant effects on red mason bees, with spring warming likely to advance adult emergence, and delayed winter cooling decreasing survival. Neonicotinoid pesticides impact was then assessed in three species: red mason bees, pollinating flies (Calliphora vicina) and buff-tailed bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). Sub-lethal, field-relevant, doses had a significant impact on thermal activity thresholds of all species, with buff-tailed bumblebees the most vulnerable. Indeed, RNAseq data in this species highlighted disruption of several core processes linked to thermal adaptation. The implications on pollinator phenology, survival, as well as food security are discussed.

Type of Work:

Thesis (Doctorates > Ph.D.)

Award Type:

Doctorates > Ph.D.

Supervisor(s):